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Catcher in the Rye
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<div style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; line-height: 200%"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #1f1200; line-height: 200%">Police investigation of Mr. Antolini</span></div> <div style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; line-height: 200%"> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" align="center"><em><span style= "font-size: 12pt; color: #1f1200; line-height: 200%"><strong><span style= "font-size: 18pt"> </span></strong></span></em></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong> </strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" align="center"><strong> </strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" align="center"><strong> </strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" align="center"><strong> </strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" align="center"><strong><span style= "font-size: 28pt; color: #17365d">Agent Orange:</span></strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" align="center"><strong><span style= "font-size: 28pt; color: #17365d">The Silent Killer</span></strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong> </strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong> </strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong> </strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong> </strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong> </strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong> </strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong> </strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong> </strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" align="center"><strong> </strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" align="center"><strong> </strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" align="center"><strong> </strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" align="center"><strong> </strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" align="center"><strong> </strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" align="center"><strong> </strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" align="center"><strong> </strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" align="center"><strong> </strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" align="center"><strong> </strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong> </strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt"><strong> </strong></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" align="center"><span style= "font-size: 14pt; color: #17365d">Tay Dinh and Marci Sanchez</span></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" align="center"><span style= "font-size: 14pt; color: #17365d">Honor’s American Literature</span></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" align="center"><span style= "font-size: 14pt; color: #17365d">Dr. Reinartz</span></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" align="center"><span style= "font-size: 14pt; color: #17365d">June 6<sup>th</sup>, 2008<strong><br clear= "all"></strong></span><em><span style= "color: #17365d">Introduction</span></em></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt" align="center"> </div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%"> <span style="color: #17365d">The Kohima Epitaph states, “When you go home, tell them of us and say, for their tomorrows, we gave our today.” Yet, what happens when the lucky few that return home after the way are slowly killed off before their stories can be heard? What happens when to even step on Vietnamese soil, your body can be infected you with a deadly disease causing agent that deteriorates health and kill years later? The slow killer named Agent Orange turns these rhetorical questions into part of everyday life for Americans Vietnam War’s Veterans. Originally, Agent Orange was a pesticide that was used in an attempt to defoliate the foliage in the jungles of Vietnam. This in theory would deprive enemy Viet Cong hiding places. The spraying of Agent Orange occurred between January 1965 and April 1970 and totaled about six million acres of land sprayed. All four military zones of Vietnam were sprayed with herbicides and more than 19 million gallons of herbicides were used. The three most infamous pesticides were Agents Orange, White, and Blue. Today all Agents used in the war are referred to as Agent Orange. Preceding the use of Agent Orange, Agents Purple and Pink were the first defoliants used. The defoliation campaign which allowed for Agent Orange to be used was originally referred to as code name “Operation Hades,” but later changed to “Operation Ranch Hand” used Air force planes and helicopters to disperse the defoliants. While many believe that Agent Orange is a visibly orange gas, in reality it is invisible to the eye and sight alone cannot detect it.</span></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%"> <span style="color: #17365d">The origins of the name Agent Orange actually comes from the orange colored streak on the label of the drums that hold the pesticide. It is the presence of TCDD otherwise known as Dioxin that is harmful to the human body.</span></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%"> <span style="color: #17365d">In <em>Journal of Occupational And Environmental Medicine</em> released in August of 2003, a report that even 30 years after defoliation ended there are still high levels of dioxins in food and residents of Vietnam. As a result of killing natural resources, 21 species of animals are now on the endangered species list. These animals include the Tonkin, snub-nosed monkey, and the clouded leopard.</span></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%"> <span style="color: #17365d">Within this oral history, the stories of three different men infected with Agent Orange will be shared along with health information, treatment, and the effects of Agent Orange even 30 years after the initial use of the toxins.</span></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: 200%" align="center"> <em><span style="color: #17365d">The Story of a Navy Man</span></em></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%"> <span style="color: #17365d">For many in the Navy recon teams, costal posts in Vietnam was where the men ate, slept, and had recreational time. Life was not spent in the deep jungles sprayed to kill off plants for John J. Morrison. He contracted Agent Orange in a quite unimaginable way. He caught it, “Just being around it, ah on the harbor in patrol boats on the river.” Mr. Morrison told us when asked how a man who wasn’t in the Army or Marines as part of the ground troops had contracted the Agent Orange pesticide. “Ah we didn’t see it, I didn’t see it, it was in the water. The water spray and breathing it in.” During the war Mr. Morrison had never seen the Agent Orange marked cans let alone the spraying of the pesticides itself. “It wasn’t anything you could sit and watch.” The base camp in which his hooch, rec room, and mess hall were located at was deprived of defoliation and part of a jungle like camp on the bay. It’s ironic that he contracted Agent Orange through the water since all of his water patrols were “a more or less voluntary bit of mine. I would get bored sitting around camp when I was off duty so I’d get on my boats…” The ways of Agent Orange are still a mystery to him as is evident from, “I don’t know how they made it, ah that’s getting into the technical part.” The first time he heard about Agent Orange was “maybe middle-late seventies, around there. I was having ah breathing problems. I was being treated up at the V.A. and they were treating me for asthma at first. Then they ah thought it might have been emphysema. None of their treatments were workin’ then they started treating me for COPD. It’s been working so far.” With that he shifts from a memory to an almost outwardly hopeful tone as if to wonder if his breathing troubles could remain as distant as Vietnam itself. He didn’t hear about Agent Orange’s negative side effects until long after he was affected. The effects he lives with now and for everyday for the rest of his life include “prostate cancer, skin cancer, COPD (a pulmonary disease),” and colon cancer. Yet he still is looking at the bright side since he said, “Thankfully, I don’t have diabetes which is another one of the effects. But I don’t have that.” Through the V.A. Mr. John J. Morrison’s medical expenses are paid for him. When asked about how often he has to go to medical visits he stated, “Oh, there sort of taking it off now since they figured what was really wrong with me. The treatments are good. It started out I was going about once a week for two years. And then after several years, once they decided I had CODP I went to monthly.” There was a pause then he continued on happily, “Now I go in about 3 maybe four times a year for check-ups. Now that’s just CODP, I’ve got skin cancer and I go every couple of months.” The effects of the diseases caused by Agent Orange influences his current everyday life. “I’ve got to watch things ah, like I’ve developed allergies to most plants. The floral scents… that’s just to name a few of my allergies so I’ve got to watch what I’m doing. And if I ah, I’ve also got to watch what I’m doing because it effects my breathing. Sometimes all I’ve got to do is kneel down and pick something up and stand up and already I’m (made comic panting noises and put his hand on his chest in a playful exaggerated manner).” Mr. Morrison wasn’t the only member of the U. S. Navy to come back to America with Agent Orange poisoning. In fact, while we were interviewing Mr. Morrison, he pointed out and described different Veteran’s eating lunch at different tables within the American Legion that had diseases originating from Agent Orange contact. “Just about everybody. The V.A. ah, finally came around to acknowledge that all you had to do was set foot in Vietnam and you were exposed. Because it’s in the air, it’s in the water, its everywhere.” With so many people affected by the devastating consequences of Agent Orange it can be surprising that few veterans discus its impact amongst themselves. Mr. Morrison summed it all up by saying, “We just keep on going.” Despite all that has happened to Mr. Morrison he thought that while in the military “it [life] was good, I thought it was good. Now a lot of people will disagree with me but no, I enjoyed my carrier in the Navy and I’d do it all over again.” </span></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: 200%" align="center"> <em><span style="color: #17365d">The Story of an Army Man</span></em></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: 200%"><span style= "color: #17365d"> John Lowe, a sergeant of the Army’s 9<sup>th</sup> Infantry Division from November of 1965 to November of 1967 gave a different outlook on his memories with Agent Orange, commenting, “I’m also 100% percent disabled posttraumatic stress order, so I don’t have much of a memory anymore.” Preceding the war, Lowe commented that he had various problems with trust and developing relationships. “The way we were treated, in general, by the public and the media, a lot of us didn’t trust people. They kind of stigmatized us as a generation.” He also commented that from many veterans were “making sure the same things don’t happen to the guys coming back,” because of the less than positive reactions to today’s war.</span></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: 200%"><span style= "color: #17365d"> “I used to have combat nightmares, daytime combat flashbacks in stressful situations that bring on anger,” Lowe mentioned, continuing on his emotional state following the war. “I used to go to bars just to start fights,” Lowe had said, laughing. “’Cause I needed the adrenaline.”</span></div> <div style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%"> <span style="color: #17365d">He commented that he first heard